FUNGAL GLOSSARY

Acuminate        

Tapering to a sharp point 

Adnate     

In which gill is broadly attached to the stem 

Adnexed   

In which gill is narrowly attached to the stem 

Adpressed

Lying closely against a surface 

Agaric                

Fungi with gills

Allantoid

As in spore, cylindrically curved, sausage shaped

Amorphous

Unclear in shape or form  

Amyloid  Changing colour to blue/black in Melzers reagent

Annulus    

Membranous collar (remnant of veil) around the stem; usually referred to as the ring   

Apical

Towards the apex

Ascomycete      

Major group of fungi in which spores are produced in a sac (ascus) and are liberated by pressure   

Ascospore

A spore of the ascomycetes   

Ascus Flask shaped structure in which ascospores are produced and ejected

Basal        

Area at base of stipe

Basidiospore

A spore of a basidiomycete  

Basidiomycete A major group containing fungi characterised by the development of basidia on which sexual basidiospores are produced

Basidium

Microscopic structure on which basidiospores develop  

Bulbous    

In which base of stipe is swollen  

Campanulate

Bell-shaped  

Capillitum

Sterile fibres located amongst spores within the fruiting bodies of Gasteromycetes  

Capitate

Round headed  

Chlamydospore

Thick walled asexual spore  

Ciliate

Fringed with hairs  

Clavate Club-shaped

Collar       

A ring-like structure located at the apex of the stipe

Concave  

Inwardly depressed, opposite of convex   

Concolorous

Of the same colour   

Convex     

Domed, opposite of concave  

Cortina     

A partial web-like veil located between cap edge to stipe enclosing the gills     

Cystidium

A sterile cell found in the hymenium of Basidiomycetes.  Variable in shape   

Decurrent

In which gill is found to be running down the stem where attached

Dendroid

Tree-like  

Dentate                          

With small tooth-like projections

Denticulate

With small teeth, serrated  

Depressed

When cap is slightly concave

Dextroid   

Turning reddish brown with use of Melzers reagent  

Ellipsoid   

In which spores are elliptical with conical projections on one plane  

Emarginate

In which gills are notched before joining the stem  

Ephemeral

Transient, short lived  

Erumpent

Arising below the bark and breaking out into the open air  

Excentric 

Not exactly central as in the stipes apex joining the stem  

Farinose                    

Covered with fine mealy particles  

Fibril                  

A small fibre  

Fibrilose   

Covered in short fibres  

Filiform    

Thread-like  

Fimbriate

Fringed  

Fimicolous        

Growing on dung or excreta

Floccose

Covered with cottony tufts

Free

In which gill is not connected to the stipe  

Fugacious

Transient, short lived  

Fusiform

In which spore is spindle shaped, narrow at both ends  

Gasteromycetes

A large group of fungi (inc. Earthstars and puffballs) characterised by producing spores within the fruiting body. 

Glabrous  

Lacking hair, smooth

Gleba        

Fleshy spore producing mass found within Gasteromycetes

Granulate

Covered with tiny granules  

Guttation drops

A secretion made by the fruiting bodies of certain species

Hispid       

With dense, stiff hairs

Hyaline

Colourless  

Hygrophorus

In which the cap is translucent when wet but paler when dry

Hymenium

A fertile layer that contains spore forming cells  

Inferior

In which the annulus is positioned below the centre on the stipe  

Infundibuliform

Funnel-shaped  

Laccinate

Containing fine deep cuts or tears  

Lanceolate

Spear-shaped  

Latex                 

Milk exuded by Lactarius species  

Lignicolous       

Growing on or in wood, not on the bark  

Lateral

In which the stipe is attached to the side of the cap

Lamellate

Possessing gills or lamellae

Ligulate

Strap-shaped  

Marginate

In which bulb has well defined upper edge  

Median

In which annulus is positioned at mid height on the stipe  

Mycelium 

The underground vegetative state of fungi comprising of a mass of thread like filaments  

Mealy

smelling or tasting of flour/dough; covered in granules

Nodulose  

In which spore is covered in small raised nodules  

Ochraceous

Bright clay colour, yellow brown

Ovoid       

Egg-shaped  

Palmate   

Lobed from a central point  

Papilla

Nipple-like projection  

Pectinate

Highly defined comb like lines in the margin of the cap  

Pruinose

With a bloom, finely powdered

Pulvinate

Cushion-like  

Punctate

Having small dots or spots  

Putrescent         

Soft and easily decaying  

Pyriform  

Pear-shaped  

Reflexed   

Aggressively turned back or up

Refractive

Shiny  

Remote

In which gills or pores lie separate from the stipe by a zone of cap flesh

Reniform

Kidney-shaped  

Resupinate

Reclining over the surface and mostly attached to the substrate with spore producing surface facing up/outwards  

Rhizoid

Root like structure made up of dense mass of mycelium  

Rimose

Radially fissured

Rostrate

Beaked  

Rufous      

Dark reddish-brown  

Rugose     

Rough, covered in small wrinkles  

Rugulose

Minutely roughened  

Saccate    

Bag-like  

Saprophyte

Living on dead organisms  

Scurfy

In which cap and stem surface is covered with small loose scales  

Serrate     

With saw-like edge  

Sessile

Lacking a stem  

Sinuate

In which gills are notched before joining the stem

Spathulate

Flattened oblong with a narrow base

Spinulose

With fine spines  

Spore        

The reproductive body of fungi  

Squamule

A small scale  

Stellate     

Star-like  

Stipe

That structure which supports the cap  

Striate

In which cap surface is furrowed or marked with radiating lines  

Strigose    

Possessing large stiff hairs  

Stuffed

In which stipes central core is of a looser consistency than the outer surface  

Styptic      

Very acrid in taste; harsh to the throat  

Sulcate

Grooved  

Superior

In which annulus is positioned above mid height on the stipe

Thallus     

A simple plant, fungal fruit body

Tomentose        

In which cap and stem are densely matted and woolly

Torulose

In appearance like a beaded necklace

Turbinate 

Top shaped  

Umbilicate

Having a central depression  

Umbo

Raised centre of cap  

Utriform

Bag-like  

Velar

Referring to a veil  

Velum       

A covering over the fruit body  

Velum partiale

Connects cap margin to stipe apex  

Velum universale

Covers the whole fruit body  

Ventricose

In which gills are centrally broad and narrow towards both ends; swollen  

Vermiform        

Worm-like  

Verrucose

Warty  

Vesicle

Bladder-like sac  

Vinaceous         

Wine coloured  

Viscid

Slippery or slightly sticky to the touch  

Volva

A membranous remnant of the universal veil located at the base of the stipe  

Back to Menu